- Details
Input variables
Generic variables
These variables can be found in virtually all reports as input variables for reducers (concentric/eccentric).
Design Pressure – P
Pressure assumed to be present in the component according to the design terms
Design Temperature – T
Temperature assumed to be present in the component according to the design terms
Material
Name of selected material used for the construction of the component
Weld fitting option – W
Is the fitting welded
Specific variables
These variables are component specific.
Large/Small
Large and Small refer to the large pipe end and the smaller (reduced) pipe end respectively.
Outside Diameter – Do (Large/Small)
Outside diameter of the attached part. The diameter runs from the outside of the wall to the opposite outside of the wall, through the center of the circle.
Nominal Thickness – tn (Large/Small)
Thickness ‘as is’, meaning it is the design thickness taking into account corrosion and tolerance.
Corrosion – Ca
Amount of thickness that accounts for the possible effects of corrosions.
Tolerance – tol (Large/Small)
Tolerance in thickness for production.
Joint Efficiency – E
Effectiveness of the strength, depending on whether joints are seamless, welded, or expected to perform worse than the base material properties.
Overall length – L
Length of the entire reducer.
Length conical part – Lc
Length of the part that reduces gradually in diameter and hence, forms a conical shape.
Angle cone – α
The angle of the conical section, or the slope with which the diameter reduces.
Calculated Values
Allowable Operating Stress – S
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component
Allowable stress at 20 °C – Sa
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component at 20 °C ambient temperature
Minimum yield strength at 20 °C – Symin
Stress in the component at which the component starts to plastically deform at 20 °C ambient temperature
Allowable stress test – St
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component at testing condition.
Weld joint strength reduction – W
Factor by which the allowable strength is reduced in order to accommodate the reduction in strength in the welded joint.
Nominal Required Thickness – trn (Large/Small)
Based on the input, this is the calculated thickness that is required to sustain the loads. The nominal value should be smaller than the nominal design thickness.
Required reinforcement area – Ar (Large/Small)
The required cross-sectional area that reinforcement or excess thickness should provide.
Effective reinforcement area – Ae (Large/Small)
The effective cross-sectional area from reinforcement and excess thickness. The effective area must be at least the required area.
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure – MAWP (Large/Small)
The maximum pressure at which the component can be used in operation. This value should be larger than the design pressure.
Design margin – P/MAWP (Large/Small)
Ratio of the design pressure to MAWP
Maximum Allowable Test Pressure – MATP (Large/Small)
The maximum pressure at which the component should be tested and survive.
Required Test Pressure – Pt
Required hydrostatic pressure for testing at any point in the piping system.
Scope errors
Reducer angle is out of scope: maximum angle = 30°
This code determines a maximum reducer angle.
Errors
Can’t find material ‘MaterialName’ in database
Material could not be found in database. Select an existing material name, or select another material via the material selection window.
Insufficient wall thickness at large end.
Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness.
Insufficient wall thickness at small end.
Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness.
Insufficient reinforcement area at large end junction.
Reinforcement area is too small. Increase the reinforcement area or thickness.
Insufficient reinforcement area at small end junction.
Reinforcement area is too small. Increase the reinforcement area or thickness.