Input variables
Generic variables
These variables can be found in virtually all reports as input variables for reducers (concentric/eccentric).
Design Pressure – Pd
Pressure assumed to be present in the component according to the design terms
Design Temperature – Td
Temperature assumed to be present in the component according to the design terms
Material cone, knuckle
Name of selected material used for the construction of the component
Specific variables
These variables are component specific
Large/Small
Large and Small refer to the large pipe end and the smaller (reduced) pipe end respectively
Outside Diameter – De (Large/Small)
Outside diameter of the attached part. The diameter runs from the outside of the wall to the opposite outside of the wall, through the center of the circle.
Nominal Thickness cone, knuckle – dn (Large/Small)
Thickness ‘as is’, meaning it is the design thickness taking into account corrosion and tolerance.
Nominal inside or outside knuckle radius – ri1n (Large/Small)
Nominal inside radius (at large end) or outside radius (at small end) of the knuckle.
Corrosion – Ca
Amount of thickness that accounts for the possible effects of corrosions.
Tolerance – tol (Large/Small)
Tolerance in thickness for production
Strength reduction coefficient – z
Effectiveness of the strength, depending on whether joints are seamless, welded, or expected to perform worse than the base material properties
Overall length – L
Length of the entire reducer
Length conical part – Lk
Length of the part that reduces gradually in diameter and hence, forms a conical shape
Angle cone – α
The angle of the conical section, or the slope with which the diameter reduces.
Calculated Values
Allowable Stress knuckle at Temperature – f
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component
Allowable stress knuckle at 20 °C – ft
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component at 20 °C ambient temperature
Allowable Stress cone at Temperature – f2
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component
Allowable stress cone at 20 °C – f2t
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component at 20 °C ambient temperature
Corrected allowable Stress at temperature knuckle – fe
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component
Corrected allowable stress at 20 °C knuckle – fet
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component at 20 °C ambient temperature
Knuckle radius – ri1
The inside radius of the knuckle
Maximum thickness for cone and knuckle – dmax
This code determines for cone and knuckle a maximum thickness.
Nominal Required Thickness cone, knuckle – drn, drn (Large/Small)
Based on the input, this is the calculated thickness that is required to sustain the loads. The nominal value should be smaller than the nominal design thickness.
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure – MAWP
The maximum pressure at which the component can be used in operation. This value should be larger than the design pressure.
Design margin – Pd / MAWP
Ratio of the design pressure to MAWP
Maximum Allowable Test Pressure – MATP
The maximum pressure at which the component should be tested and survive.
Scope errors
Design temperature material is out of scope.
The material properties are not available at the design temperature.
Cone thickness at large end is out of scope: required d ≤ 0.3 Di / Cos(α)
This code determines for cones a maximum thickness.
Knuckle radius at large end is out of scope, required ri1 ≥ (De-2d)/(2 + 38 Cos(α)
This code determines a minimum radius.
Knuckle radius at large end is out of scope, required ri1 ≤ (De-2d)/(2 + 4.67 Cos(α)
This code determines a maximum radius.
Errors
Can’t find material ‘MaterialName’ in database
Material could not be found in database. Select an existing material name, or select another material via the material selection window.
Insufficient knuckle thickness.
Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness.
Insufficient cone thickness at large junction.
Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness.
Insufficient cone thickness at small junction.
Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness.