Input variables
Generic variables
These variables can be found in virtually all reports as input variables
Design Pressure – P
Pressure assumed to be present in the component according to the design terms
Design Temperature – T
Temperature assumed to be present in the component according to the design terms
Material (header/branch)
Name of selected material used for the construction of the component
Weld fitting option – W
Is the fitting welded
Specific variables
These variables are component specific
Outside Diameter header and branch – Dh, Db
Outside diameter of the attached part. The diameter runs from the outside of the wall to the opposite outside of the wall, through the center of the circle. Generally the branch is smaller in diameter than the header.
Nominal Thickness header, branch and reinforcement – thn, tbn, trn
Thickness ‘as is’, meaning it is the design thickness taking into account corrosion and tolerance.
Corrosion header and branch – ch, cb
Amount of thickness that accounts for the possible effects of corrosions.
Tolerance header, branch and reinforcement – tolh, tolb, tolr
Tolerance in thickness for production.
Joint Efficiency header and branch – Eh, Eb
Effectiveness of the strength, depending on whether joints are seamless, welded, or expected to perform worse than the base material properties.
Angle centerline branch – a
Angle between the centerline of the branch and the line perpendicular to the header centerline.
Reinforcement width – wr
Width of the reinforcement. The width equals the outer radius minus the inner radius.
Calculated Values
Allowable Operating Stress header, branch and reinforcement – Sh, Sb, Sr
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component.
Allowable stress at 20 °C header, branch and reinforcement at 20 °C – Sha, Sba, Sra
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component at 20 °C ambient temperature
Minimum yield strength at 20 °C header, branch and reinforcement – Syminh, Syminb, Syminr
Stress in the component at which the component starts to plastically deform at 20 °C ambient temperature.
Allowable stress test header, branch and reinforcement – Sht, Sbt, Srt
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component at testing condition.
Weld joint strength reduction factor header and branch – Wh, Wb
Factor by which the allowable strength is reduced in order to accommodate the reduction in strength in the welded joint.
Header reinforcement zone length – d2
Length from the branch centerline to the end of the header reinforcement zone.
Branch reinforcement zone length – L4
Length from the header outside diameter to the end of the branch reinforcement zone.
Stress ratio branch/header – Sb/Sh, Sba/Sha
Ratio of operating stresses of the branch and the header. This ratio must be ≤ 1.
Stress ratio reinforcement/header – Sr/Sh, Sra/Sha.
Ratio of operating stresses of the reinforcement and the header. This ratio must be ≤ 1.
Ratio of outside diameter header to minimum purchase specification thickness header – Dh/Th
This ratio determines the ratio of outside diameters branch and header.
Ratio of outside diameters branch and header – Db/Dh
Ratio of the diameters must be ≤ 1.
Required thickness header pipe and branch pipe – thr, tbr
Based on the input, this is the calculated thickness that is required to sustain the loads. The nominal value should be smaller than the nominal design thickness.
Required area – A1
The required cross-sectional area that reinforcement or excess thickness should provide for the opening.
Reinforcement area header – A2
Cross-sectional area of excess thickness header.
Reinforcement area branch – A3
Cross-sectional area of excess thickness branch.
Reinforcement area of extra added area including weld areas – A4
Extra reinforcement cross-sectional excess area.
Total available reinforcement area – Atot
The total available cross-sectional area from reinforcement and excess thickness. Sum of areas is corrected for stress ratios.
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure – MAWP
The maximum pressure at which the component can be used in operation. This value should be larger than the design pressure.
Design margin – P/MAWP
Ratio of the design pressure to MAWP
Maximum Allowable Test Pressure – MATP
The maximum pressure at which the component should be tested and survive.
Required test pressure – Pt
Required hydrostatic pressure for testing at any point in the piping system
Tapering header and branch
The tapering of the header and branch on connecting pipes is checked.
Scope errors
Temperature is out of scope for material
The material properties are not available at the design temperature.
Angle branch is out of scope: required is 0° < α ≤ 90°.
This code determines a minimum and maximum branch angle.
Db/Dh is out of scope: required Db/Dh ≤ 1 for Dh/Th < 100
This code determines limits for the ratio.
Db/Dh is out of scope: required Db/Dh ≤ 0.5 for Dh/Th ≥ 100
This code determines limits for the ratio.
Errors
Can’t find material ‘MaterialName’ in database
Material could not be found in database. Select an existing material name, or select another material via the material selection window.
Insufficient wall thickness for header.
Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness.
Insufficient wall thickness for branch.
Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness.
Insufficient reinforcement area
Reinforcement area is too small. Increase the reinforcement width or wall thickness of reinforcement, header or branch.
Warnings
Tapering header in reinforced zone.
Indicates tapering of header in reinforced zone.
Tapering branch in reinforced zone.
Indicates tapering of branch in reinforced zone.