Input variables

Generic variables

These variables can be found in virtually all reports as input variables.

Design Pressure – P
Pressure assumed to be present in the component according to the design terms.
Design Temperature – T
Temperature assumed to be present in the component according to the design terms.
Material
Name of selected material used for the construction of the component.
Weld fitting option – W
Is the fitting welded

Specific variables

These variables are component specific

Outside Diameter – Do
Outside diameter of the attached part. The diameter runs from the outside of the wall to the opposite outside of the wall, through the center of the circle.
Nominal Thickness – tn
Thickness ‘as is’, meaning it is the design thickness taking into account corrosion and tolerance.
Corrosion – A
Amount of thickness that accounts for the possible effects of corrosions.
Tolerance – tol
Tolerance in thickness for production.
Joint Efficiency – E
Effectiveness of the strength, depending on whether joints are seamless, welded, or expected to perform worse than the base material properties.
Radius miter bend – R
Radius of the miter bend from the origin of curvature and perpendicular to the neutral axis of the bend. The neutral axis follows the centerlines of the segments.
Total deflection angle miter bend – Angle
The angle of the total deflection the miter bend makes, i.e. the angle between the centerlines of the attached pipes.
Number of Segments – NoS
The number of segments in which the bend is divided.
Miter Bend
Miter Bend
Miter Bend
Miter Bend Widely Spaced
Miter Bend
Miter Bend Closely Spaced

Calculated Values

Allowable Operating Stress – S
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component.
Allowable stress at 20 °C – Sa
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component at 20 °C ambient temperature.
Minimum yield strength at 20 °C – Symin
Stress in the component at which the component starts to plastically deform at 20 °C ambient temperature.
Allowable stress test – St
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component at testing condition.
Weld joint strength reduction – W
Factor by which the allowable strength is reduced in order to accommodate the reduction in strength in the welded joint.
Miter bend cut angle – θ
Cutting angle between the different segments.
Mean segment radius using nominal wall thickness – r
(Outside Diameter − 2 × Thickness)/2
Minimum bend joint angle – θmin
Minimum required angle between segments.
Segment length at inside – B
Length of the segment measured at the inside.
Segment length limit at inside – Blim
Minimum segment length at inside for closely spaced miter bend.
Segment length at centerline – s
Length of the segment measured at the centerline.
Segment length limit at centerline – slim
Limit of segment length at centerline for widely or closely segment spacing.
Widely/Closely segment spacing
When the length measured at the centerline is beyond or below the segment length limit, the miter bend does not completely follow the curvature of a circle. When beyond the limit, the miter bend is widely spaced and the segments are longer (extra straight pipe) and the distance from the centerline to the center point of deflection is larger than the bend radius. Below the limit, the miter bend is closely spaced and the segments are shorter (missing straight pipe) and the distance from the centerline to the center point of deflection is smaller than the radius.
Nominal Required Thickness – trn
Based on the input, this is the calculated thickness that is required to sustain the loads. The nominal value should be smaller than the nominal design thickness.
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure – MAWP
The maximum pressure at which the component can be used in operation. This value should be larger than the design pressure.
Design margin – P/MAWP
Ratio of the design pressure to MAWP
Maximum Allowable Test Pressure – MATP
The maximum pressure at which the component should be tested and survive.
Required Test Pressure – Pt
Required hydrostatic pressure for testing at any point in the piping system (paragraph 137.4.5)

Scope errors

Pressure for steam/vapor is out of scope: minimum pressure = 0.1 MPa
This code determines for steam/vapor a minimum pressure.
Pressure for water is out of scope: minimum pressure = 1.103 MPa
This code determines for water a minimum pressure.
Temperature for water is out of scope: minimum temperature = 100 °C
This code determines for water a minimum temperature.
Number of segments is out of scope: required is NoS ≥ 2
A miterbend has at least 2 segments.
For widely spaced miterbends the miter cut angle θ is out of scope: required is at least an angle of 9 Sqrt(tn/rn) °.
This code determines a minimum angle of miter cut θ. Decrease the number of miter segments or increase the total deflection angle of the miterbend.

Errors

Can’t find material ‘MaterialName’ in database
Material could not be found in database. Select an existing material name, or select another material via the material selection window.
Insufficient wall thickness pipe segments
Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness.
Insufficient wall thickness miterbend
Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness.

Remarks

Angle of miter cut θ is larger than 22.5 °.
When a segment of the miterbend has an angle larger than this limit, the maximum allowable pressure shall be limited.
Inside segment length inside bend angle is smaller than 6 tn
When a segment of the miterbend has a length smaller than this limit, the maximum allowable pressure shall be limited.

Calculation errors

Can't calculate required thickness. Please check input data.
An error occured in the calculation for the required thickness.